Magnetic resonance coupling for 5G WPT applications

Inductive Wireless Power Transfer (IWPT) is the most popular and common technology for the resonance coupling power transfer. However, in 2007 it has experimentally demonstrated by a research group from Massachusets Institute of Technology (MIT) that WPT can be improved by using Magnetic Resonance Coupling Wireless Power Transfer (MRC WPT) in terms of the coupling distance and efficiency. Furthermore, by exploiting the unused, high-frequency mm-wave band which are ranging from 3~300 GHz frequency band, the next 5G generations of wireless networks will be able to support a higher number of devices with the increasing data rate, higher energy efficiency and also compatible with the previous technology. In this work, a square planar inductor with the dimension of 6.1 x 6.1 mm is designed, and the resonators have the same self-resonance frequency at 14 GHz. The coil resonators have been laid on Silicon and Oxide substrate to reduce the loss in the design. From the CST software simulation and the analytical model in MATLAB software, it has been shown that the MRC WPT design has improved the performance of IWPT design by 40% power transfer efficiency. MRC WPT design also has larger H-Field value which is 705.5 A/m, as compared to the IWPT design which has only 285.6 A/m when both Transmitter(Tx) and Reciever(RX) is at 0.3 mm coupling distance

A distributed fuzzy logic controller for a prosthetic hand / Mohd Yazed Ahmad

A Fuzzy Logic with distributed control monitoring (D S) sy tern i implemented to control multiple degree-of-freedom (DOF) prosthetic fingers. Ther are four fingers with 3-DOF and a thumb with 4-DOF. Five identical microcontrollers programmed with Fuzzy Logic ontroller (FLC) and a ystem Handler are employed to control and monitor the fingers and the thumb to replicate the desired hand action of the grasp, the key pinch, the pulp to pulp pinch, the tripod pinch, and the open hand. Each finger is equipp d with position sensors at the pi ot joints and a tactile-pressure sensor at the fingertip. The finger mo ements are programmed to follow given set points and stopped ,. h ne er an obstacle is encountered and the pressure of the tactile sensor exceeds a specified limit. This allows the fingers and thumb to wrap round an object without crushing it. DC motors with reduced gear heads are used as actuators and they are dri en by H-Bridge sv itches. Input signals to the switches in the form of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) and direction signals are generated by the microcontroller . The signal r present control action of the FLC. Membership functions of the FLC were tuned and the rule \ ere formed to obtain the desired response. Distributed control is implemented by conn cting all finger microcontrollers to a main microcontroller that can b integrated with the Brain omputer Interface. The o erall system was constructed and te ted successfully to control the prosthetic hand

Self-Sustainable Biomedical Devices Powered by RF Energy: A Review

Wearable and implantable medical devices (IMDs) have come a long way in the past few decades and have contributed to the development of many personalized health monitoring and therapeutic applications. Sustaining these devices with reliable and long-term power supply is still an ongoing challenge. This review discusses the challenges and milestones in energizing wearable and IMDs using the RF energy harvesting (RFEH) technique. The review highlights the main integrating frontend blocks such as the wearable and implantable antenna design, matching network, and rectifier topologies. The advantages and bottlenecks of adopting RFEH technology in wearable and IMDs are reviewed, along with the system elements and characteristics that enable these devices to operate in an optimized manner. The applications of RFEH in wearable and IMDs medical devices are elaborated in the final section of this review. This article summarizes the recent developments in RFEH, highlights the gaps, and explores future research opportunities

An Improved Wearable Resonant Wireless Power Transfer System for Biomedical Capsule Endoscope

Magnetic resonant-based wireless power transfer system (WPTS) is an efficient way to energize critical biomedical devices, such as wireless capsule endoscopes, where a direct wire connection is not practical. However, low power transfer efficiency (PTE) and poor received power stability (RPS) are usually the main bottlenecks of WPTS in this application. Thus, this paper proposes an efficient WPTS that tremendously improves the PTE and enriches the RPS. In order to improve the PTE, an optimum three-coil inductive link is adopted with a compact wearable power transmitting coil-I (PTC-I) and a 2-3D power receiving coil. As a result, the stability is improved with the new configuration of the power transmission coil-III (PTC-III) and power combining technique at the receiving side. To confirm the validity of the proposed design, proof-of-concept prototypes were implemented for an experimental test. Results obtained from the experimental test assured that the proposed PTC-I-based system achieved a PTE of more than 8% while transferring 758 mW of power with 68.7% RPS. The best overall RPS attained by the proposed PTC-III based system is 79.2%. This system achieved a PTE of 5.4% transferring at least 570 mW of power. In comparison, the performance of the proposed designs greatly outweighs the previous designs

Localization of wireless capsule endoscope: a systematic review

Wireless capsule endoscope (WCE) is a notable invention introduced in the biomedical industry. It involves swallowing a small disposable video capsule that takes photographic images as it passes through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. WCE allows physicians to visualize and diagnose disorders covering the full length of the GI tract. Although WCE can provide useful images of the internal GI tract, the identification of the exact location of the detected disease remains unclear. Location information is very crucial for the subsequent treatment of the detected disease either through surgery or through local drug delivery. The huge potential of WCE in future endoscopic practice relies on the successful tracking of the wireless capsule. This paper presents a comprehensive systematic review on the recent developments in WCE localization techniques that have been reported in credible sources, namely, IEEE Xplore, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Springer Link, and Google Scholar. Detailed analysis and systematic comparison are provided to highlight the achievement and future direction of WCE localization. This paper can be a valuable source of reference and guidance for future research in this field

Polarized Light-Based Cancer Cell Detection Techniques: A Review

Cancer is becoming raging phenomenon in clinical and pharmaceutical studies worldwide. It can be diagnosed by several step, including physical examination, blood or serum tests, and medical screening and imaging. Screening and imaging used to only be recommended if clear symptoms were observed, and positive results obtained from a blood test analysis were only significant if there was a high level of cancer markers observed. Optical biosensors are currently being developed that may be ideal for sensitive, selective and label free detection but burdensome and sophisticated. Recent studies of interest rely more on the application of nanomaterial (for indirect biochemical assays) than direct testing for in situ discrimination of the morphology of normal and cancerous cells. This review will be devoted to a description of the most recent developments of polarized light-based cancer cell/biomarker detection devices. These devices mostly operate based on a degree of polarization (DOP) and angle of polarization (AOP) of light parameters in separate devices. The main aim of this review is to provide an in-depth insight into the future use of device that measures the AOP in a single integrated device for cancer cell/tissue detection. © 2001-2012 IEEE